What Are the 7 Stages of Dementia?
There are many challenges and unpredictabilities that come with caring for a loved one with memory loss, but understanding the stages of dementia – or even doing your best to put yourself in their shoes – can make the caregiving journey that much more compassionate and patient.
At Charter Senior Living of Buford, we understand what family members experience when their loved ones begin to show signs of cognitive decline. That’s why we have a dedicated Memory Care neighborhood that provides residents with specialized staff and personalized care services based on a unique, research-based approach called FlourishSM.
We care for those living through every stage of dementia as well. From mild, to moderate dementia, to severe, from early stages of dementia, to middle and final stages, we’ll help your loved one and your family find peace and comfort throughout the entire process.
Learn more about what dementia is below, and the seven stages you and your loved one may experience along the way.
What is dementia?
The Alzheimer’s Association defines dementia as “not a single disease.” It is a term used to describe a collection of symptoms, including confusion, changes in behavior, forgetfulness, and other symptoms that individuals experience with certain diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, frontotemporal dementias, or vascular dementias (Mayo Clinic).
Dementia is a progressive condition caused by a variety of diseases that cause damage to brain cells that affect cognitive function and daily functioning. While there are various ways to categorize the stages of dementia, one commonly used framework is the Global Deterioration Scale (GDS), as provided by the National Library of Medicine, which outlines seven stages. It’s important to note that these stages are generalizations, and the progression of dementia can vary from person to person.
The 7 stages of dementia
Stage 1: No Cognitive Decline (Normal Functioning)
At this stage, there are no apparent signs of dementia and cognitive function is considered normal.
Stage 2: Very Mild Cognitive Decline (Age-Associated Memory Impairment)
Individuals may experience slight forgetfulness, which is often attributed to normal aging. Memory lapses are generally not evident to the person or their loved ones.
Stage 3: Mild Cognitive Decline (Mild Cognitive Impairment)
During this stage, mild cognitive impairments become more noticeable. Individuals may have difficulty finding the right words, remembering names, or recalling recent events. However, these symptoms are not severe enough to interfere significantly with daily life.
Stage 4: Moderate Cognitive Decline (Early-Stage Dementia)
This stage is often when individuals are officially diagnosed with dementia. Memory loss becomes more pronounced, and people may struggle with tasks such as managing finances, planning, and organizing. They may also experience mood changes and withdraw from social activities.
Stage 5: Moderately Severe Cognitive Decline (Mid-Stage Dementia)
At this point, individuals require assistance with daily activities, as their cognitive decline is more apparent. They may have difficulty dressing, may not remember personal details such as their home address, and develop feelings of confusion about the current time and place they’re in.
Stage 6: Severe Cognitive Decline (Late-Stage Dementia)
Individuals in this stage often require constant supervision and assistance with basic activities of daily living. Memory loss is severe, and they may have difficulty recognizing close family members. Behavioral and psychological symptoms, such as agitation and aggression, may also emerge.
Stage 7: Very Severe Cognitive Decline (End-Stage Dementia)
In the final stage of dementia, individuals are unable to communicate coherently, may lose the ability to speak and walk, and often require round-the-clock care. Basic motor skills and functions decline, and individuals may become bedridden.
It’s important to consult with healthcare professionals for an accurate dementia diagnosis and to discuss appropriate care and support for individuals and their families. Additionally, advancements in research may lead to updates in our understanding of dementia and its stages.
How is dementia treated?
It’s important to note that there is no cure for most forms of dementia, including Alzheimer’s disease, which is the most common cause. However, various medications and treatments aim to manage symptoms, slow down the progression, and improve the quality of life for individuals living with dementia.
It’s essential to consult with healthcare professionals for a personalized and up-to-date treatment plan. Here are some common strategies used in the management of dementia:
Medications
- Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Drugs such as donepezil, rivastigmine, and galantamine may be prescribed to help improve symptoms by increasing levels of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter involved in memory and learning.
- Memantine: This medication may be used to regulate glutamate, another neurotransmitter, and is often prescribed in more advanced stages of Alzheimer’s disease.
Behavioral and Environmental Interventions
- Creating a structured and supportive environment can help individuals with dementia feel more comfortable and secure.
- Behavioral interventions may include strategies to manage challenging behaviors and enhance communication.
Cognitive Stimulation
- Engaging in activities that stimulate the brain, such as puzzles, games, and social interactions, may help maintain cognitive function.
Physical Exercise
- Regular physical activity has been shown to positively affect cognitive function and overall well-being.
Occupational Therapy
- Occupational therapists can assist individuals in adapting to their changing abilities and help them maintain independence in daily activities.
Speech Therapy
- Speech therapists may work with individuals experiencing language and communication difficulties associated with dementia.
Caregiver Support and Education
- Providing support and education to caregivers is crucial. Caregivers may learn techniques for managing challenging behaviors and maintaining their own well-being.
Nutritional Support
- A balanced diet and proper nutrition are important for overall health. In some cases, nutritional supplements may be recommended.
Clinical Trials
- Participation in clinical trials may be an option for some individuals, as researchers continue to explore potential treatments and interventions.
Specialized Memory Care Programming
- Living in a Memory Care community with dedicated professionals, specialized programming, and individualized care in a safe and serene environment can also help those living with dementia cope with their symptoms.
It’s important to note that the effectiveness of treatments can vary from person to person, and what works for one individual may not be as effective for another.
Individuals with dementia and their families should work closely with healthcare professionals to determine the most appropriate and effective interventions based on their specific needs and circumstances.
Discover personalized Memory Care at Charter Senior Living.
Your loved one deserves specialized, compassionate care that will enhance their quality of life. Explore Flourish℠ Memory Care programming at Charter Senior Living of Buford, where our trained staff will provide your loved one with care that promotes a dignified, engaging lifestyle. Call us today to schedule a tour.